E-ISSN 2756-4843 | ISSN 0794-5698
 
2020, Vol: 28, Issue: 1
28 / 1Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Research 


Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture

Yisa Yakubu, Zulihat Queen Aliyu, Abubakar Usman, Patience Evans.

Abstract
Many quality improvement projects require some form of experimentation on a process whereby an investigator is able to examine the effect of purposeful changes on the settings of the input variables on the response. Today, statistical methods of experimental design are increasingly being adopted in optimization of food technological processes and in the development of new, health-supporting food of high quality. Statistical techniques, mostly standard central composite designs (CCD), are often used because of the belief that the experimental factors can be completely randomized. However, most industrial experiments often involve factors with hard to change (HTC) levels and those with easy to change (ETC) levels, whereby the HTC factor cannot be completely randomized and this leads to a split-plot design. This work designs and conducts a split-plot central composite experiment with oven temperature as the HTC factor and, amount of flour, baking powder, and amount of milk as ETC factors. Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and generalized least squares (GLS) estimation techniques were used to analyze the generated data. Each main factor effect and the quadratic effects of temperature, baking powder, and milk, were highly significant. The stationary point was determined to be y ̂=11.047 at the points: A=〖250〗^o C,B=1.5 cups,C=1.5 teaspoonfull,and D=0.75cup.

Key words: Keywords: Experiment, split-plot CCD, Cake height, design, stationary point


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Yisa Yakubu
Articles by Zulihat Queen Aliyu
Articles by Abubakar Usman
Articles by Patience Evans
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Yakubu Y, Aliyu ZQ, Usman A, Evans P, . Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2020; 28(1): 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5

Web Style

Yakubu Y, Aliyu ZQ, Usman A, Evans P, . Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. http://www.njbas-udus.com/?mno=47763 [Access: November 08, 2020]. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Yakubu Y, Aliyu ZQ, Usman A, Evans P, . Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2020; 28(1): 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Yakubu Y, Aliyu ZQ, Usman A, Evans P, . Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. (2020), [cited November 08, 2020]; 28(1): 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


Harvard Style

Yakubu, Y., Aliyu, Z. Q., Usman, A., Evans, P. & (2020) Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 28 (1), 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


Turabian Style

Yakubu, Yisa, Zulihat Queen Aliyu, Abubakar Usman, Patience Evans, and . 2020. Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 28 (1), 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


Chicago Style

Yakubu, Yisa, Zulihat Queen Aliyu, Abubakar Usman, Patience Evans, and . "Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 28 (2020), 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Yakubu, Yisa, Zulihat Queen Aliyu, Abubakar Usman, Patience Evans, and . "Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 28.1 (2020), 30-39. Print. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Yakubu, Y., Aliyu, Z. Q., Usman, A., Evans, P. & (2020) Split-plot Central Composite Experimental Design Method for Optimization of Cake Height to Achieve desired Texture. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 28 (1), 30-39. doi:10.4314/njbas.v28i1.5




Most Viewed Articles
  • Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Fruits In Sokoto State
    I.Y. Tafinta, K.Shehu, H. Abdulganiyyu, A.M. Rabe and A. Usman
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2013; 21(3): 193-196
    » Abstract & References

  • Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Properties of Soils in Kano Urban Agricultural Lands
    U.M. Dawaki, A.U. Dikko, S.S. Noma and U. Aliyu
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2013; 21(3): 239-246
    » Abstract & References

  • Study on Biochemical Indices of Liver Function Tests of Albino Rats Supplemented with Three Sources of Vegetable Oils [English]
    K.E. Imafidon and L.O. Okunrobo
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2012; 20(2): 105-110
    » Abstract

  • Effect of Sources of Organic Manure on Growth and Yields of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Sokoto, Nigeria [English]
    R.A. Tiamiyu, H.G. Ahmed and A.S. Muhammad
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2012; 20(3): 213-216
    » Abstract

  • Optimum Temperature and Thermal Stability of Crude Polyphenol Oxidase from some Common Fruits
    AB Bello, MS Sule
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2012; 20(1): 27-31
    » Abstract

    • Most Downloaded
  • Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Fruits In Sokoto State
    I.Y. Tafinta, K.Shehu, H. Abdulganiyyu, A.M. Rabe and A. Usman
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2013; 21(3): 193-196
    » Abstract & References

  • Optimization of Steam Distillation of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus tereticornis by Response Surface Methodology [English]
    M.S. Galadima, A.S. Ahmed, A.S. Olawale and I. M. Bugaje
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2012; 20(4): 368-372
    » Abstract

  • The Swelling Behaviour of Polystyrene (PS)/ Polyvinylacetate (Pvac) Blends in Different Solvents and the Effects of -Cellulose used as Filler on the Electrical Conductivity. [English]
    P. A. P. Mamza and B.T. Nwufo
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2008; 16(2): 165 -
    » Abstract

  • Biogas production through Co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent with cow manure
    Umar Hayatu Sidik, Firdausi Bin Razali, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Fadimtu Maigari
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2013; 21(1): 79-84
    » Abstract

  • Characterization and Classification of Soils on an Agricultural landscape in Dingyadi District, Sokoto State, Nigeria
    M.B. Sharu, M. Yakubu, S.S. Noma and A.I.Tsafe
    Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2013; 21(2): 137 -147
    » Abstract

    • Most Cited Articles
    This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.
    The articles in Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
    Copyright © 2021 Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences All Rights Reserved. Subject to change without notice from or liability to Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.
    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome

    Contact Information


    Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (NJBAS)

    Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

    P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria

    email: njbas@udusok.edu.ng; publicationeditor.njbas@udusok.edu.ng 

    Mobile contact:+2348057937555

     

     
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    About Publisher
    Advertising Policy
    Author's Rights and Obligations
    Conflict of Interest Policy
    Digital Archiving & Preservation Policies
    Editorial Policies
    Peer Review Policy
    Editorial & Peer Review Process
    License Information
    Plagiarism Policy
    Privacy Policy
    Protection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)
    Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement
    Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern
    Self-Archiving Policies
    Statement of Informed Consent
    Terms of Use