Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

M. Nicodemus; E. R. Agusi; C. Okongwu-Ejike; E. L. Bakare; A. R. Okonkwo; R. A. Bitiyong; O. A. Oyekan; J. Budaye; J. R. Ridnah; R. O. Oluyemi and K. G. Sule

doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

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Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2022; 30(2): 58-64

doi: 10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

M. Nicodemus, E. R. Agusi, C. Okongwu-Ejike, E. L. Bakare, A. R. Okonkwo, R. A. Bitiyong, O. A. Oyekan, J. Budaye, J. R. Ridnah, R. O. Oluyemi and K. G. Sule.

Abstract
Many households in Nigeria are dependent on alternative sources of water supply and are exposed to preventable water-borne diseases. This study was carried out to examine the bacterial quality of well water obtained from Onueke metropolis in Ebonyi State. The physicochemical parameters of water samples collected from 25 closed and 25 opened wells were analyzed following standard procedures while bacteriological quality of the water samples including coliform count and bacterial isolate identification were determined using serial dilution and multiple fermentation techniques. Results of the physiochemical parameters showed that pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness, Turbidity and nitrite were within the WHO standard limit for drinking water. The bacterial count ranged from 0.8 – 3.1 x 104 CFU /100ml involving E. coli (25%), Shigella spp (12.5%), Citrobacter spp (4.2%), Klebsiella spp (29.2%), Enterobacter spp (12.5%) and Salmonella spp (16.7%) as the dominant isolates and exceeded the WHO guidelines limit of 0 cfu/100ml for drinking water. Generally, the uncovered wells were more highly contaminated with bacteria pathogens than the covered wells. All samples were above the most probable number (MPN) per 100 ml permissible limit of WHO guidelines for untreated drinking water. In conclusion sampled well water from Onueke metropolis contained bacterial contaminants making the water not safe for drinking devoid of any further water treatment process. Keywords: Well water, Bacteria pathogen, Physiochemical, Bacteriological analysis, Waterborne

Key words: Well water, bacteria pathogen, physiochemical, bacteriological analysis, waterborne.

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Pubmed Style

Nicodemus M, Agusi ER, Okongwu-Ejike C, Bakare EL, Okonkwo AR, Bitiyong RA, Oyekan OA, Budaye J, Ridnah JR, . Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2022; 30(2): 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Web Style

Nicodemus M, Agusi ER, Okongwu-Ejike C, Bakare EL, Okonkwo AR, Bitiyong RA, Oyekan OA, Budaye J, Ridnah JR, . Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. https://www.njbas-udus.com/?mno=36423 [Access: September 15, 2023]. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nicodemus M, Agusi ER, Okongwu-Ejike C, Bakare EL, Okonkwo AR, Bitiyong RA, Oyekan OA, Budaye J, Ridnah JR, . Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. 2022; 30(2): 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nicodemus M, Agusi ER, Okongwu-Ejike C, Bakare EL, Okonkwo AR, Bitiyong RA, Oyekan OA, Budaye J, Ridnah JR, . Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci.. (2022), [cited September 15, 2023]; 30(2): 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Harvard Style

Nicodemus, M., Agusi, . E. R., Okongwu-Ejike, . C., Bakare, . E. L., Okonkwo, . A. R., Bitiyong, . R. A., Oyekan, . O. A., Budaye, . J., Ridnah, . J. R. & (2022) Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 30 (2), 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Turabian Style

Nicodemus, M., E. R. Agusi, C. Okongwu-Ejike, E. L. Bakare, A. R. Okonkwo, R. A. Bitiyong, O. A. Oyekan, J. Budaye, J. R. Ridnah, and R. O. Oluyemi and K. G. Sule. 2022. Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 30 (2), 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

Chicago Style

Nicodemus, M., E. R. Agusi, C. Okongwu-Ejike, E. L. Bakare, A. R. Okonkwo, R. A. Bitiyong, O. A. Oyekan, J. Budaye, J. R. Ridnah, and R. O. Oluyemi and K. G. Sule. "Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30 (2022), 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nicodemus, M., Agusi, . E. R., Okongwu-Ejike, . C., Bakare, . E. L., Okonkwo, . A. R., Bitiyong, . R. A., Oyekan, . O. A., Budaye, . J., Ridnah, . J. R. & (2022) Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water Obtained from Onueke Metropolis, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 30 (2), 58-64. doi:10.4314/njbas.v30i2.8

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